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  • Jisso-in Tsukabaim kakei, water basin, tsukubai, japanese basin, chozubachi, chozuya, temizuya, tsukubai, Japanese Water Basin, Tranquility;  Simplicity; serene, serenity, exterior space, nature, pattern, scenic, visual effect, no people, scenery, tranquil, tranquility, calm, historic sites, natural light, natural beauty, spirituality, simplicity, natural, landscapes, inspiration, inspiring, calming, calms, contemplative, meditative, mellow, peaceful, pleasant, beautiful, calmness,  idyllic, ideal, peacefulness, serenity, serene, nobody,
    tsukabai-60.jpg
  • Japanese Tea Garden at Kokoen - Kokoen Garden; Kokoen; koko-en; himeji castle garden; himeji garden; japanese stepping stones; tobi-ishi; tobi ishi; skipping stones; flying stones; exterior space; landscape; landscape architecture; idyllic; Tranquility; Simplicity; japanese landscape architecture; exterior space; no people; scenery; tranquil; tranquility; calm; natural light; calming; calmness; peacefulness; serenity; serene; nobody; Soujuan Tea House; Soujuan Teahouse
    koko-en-53.jpg
  • Daijo-in garden was designed by Zenami in the mid Muromachi Period and fell into ruin with the demise of the temple of the same name. In 1958 the site was designated as a National Scenic Place then the Japan National Trust restored the garden to its original brilliance.  The former Daijo-in temple prospered as a temple whose chief priest was a member of the imperial family but now only the garden remains.
    AMBER-LOTUS-2023-20.jpg
  • Tsukabai Water Basin at Showa Kinen Garden, Tachikawa Tokyo - Water is considered purifying in Japan, hence the emphasis on cleanliness in everyday life. Water fountains such as these, known as tsukubai, are also beneficial to hear the trickling of falling water to soothe the nerves as well. A tsukubai is a small basin provided at Japanese Buddhist temples for visitors to purify themselves by the ritual washing of hands and rinsing of the mouth. This type of ritual cleansing is also the custom for guests attending a tea ceremony.<br />
Tsukubai are usually of stone, and are often provided with a small scoop, laid across the top, ready for use.
    AMBER-LOTUS-2023-47.jpg
  • The Moss Garden at Saihoji Temple is one of the few temples in Kyoto where visitors must request an invitation in advance before their visit. Visitors are required to participate in chanting and writing sutras before visiting the famous gardens. In this way the monks are able to maintain the temple and garden and prevent mass tourism from destroying the tranquility of this UNESCO World Heritage Japanese garden.
    koke-dera-1.jpg
  • The Moss Garden at Saihoji Temple is one of the few temples in Kyoto where visitors must request an invitation in advance before their visit. Visitors are required to participate in chanting and writing wishes before visiting the famous gardens. In this way the monks are able to maintain the temple and garden and prevent mass tourism from destroying the tranquility of the moss garden.
    AMBER-2021-EXTRA-101.jpg
  • The Moss Garden at Saihoji Temple is one of the few temples in Kyoto where visitors must request an invitation in advance before their visit. Visitors are required to participate in chanting and writing wishes before visiting the famous gardens. In this way the monks are able to maintain the temple and garden and prevent mass tourism from destroying the tranquility of the moss garden.
    AMBER-LOTUS-2023-82.jpg
  • The main garden at Bishamon-do is called Bansuien or sometimes Yushuien. The Benten Pond behind the main hall uses a natural water spring drawn from Mt Anshoji to create a waterfall in back and a pond in front. In the pond are two islands, and the pond is surrounded by maple trees, crepe myrtle and azaleas. A stone pagoda stands on one of the islands as an accent to the rest of the composition. 
    Bishamon-do-6.jpg
  • Anao-ji Temple Garden is a pond viewing garden where azaleas, crepe myrtles and pine trees haven planted along the rim of the pond. There is a curiously shaped stone in the middle of the pond that some believe represents a ship, though its interpretation is not given. Additionally, there is a smaller dry garden on the western side of the main hall that incorporates Mt. Oshino in the backdrop.
    anao-ji-3.jpg
  • The official name is "Manmatsuyama Ryotanji Zen Temple has a long history, and it is said that Gyoki opened its predecessor, Jizo-ji, in 733 of the Nara period . The name Ryotanji is named after Naomori Ii .  the dry garden in front of the main hall Mt. Potalaka Garden is a relatively new garden created in the Heisei era. The front garden, because of its white sand shape it is popularly known locally as the Lake Hamana Garden.  The main pond-viewing garden on the north side of the main hall is a nationally designated scenic garden created by Kobori Enshu. According to the temple, it was built around 1630. The long horizontal pond is a Shin-ji pond, and the waterfall stone group is represented by a stone group that uses many azaleas, azaleas, and local chert stones in the artificial hill. 
    ryotan-ji-12.jpg
  • Unpenji is Temple No. 66 on the Shikoku Pilgrimage. Although counted as being in Kagawa Prefecture, it’s actually just across the prefectural border in Tokushima. Located at an elevation of 911 metres, it is the highest temple on the pilgrimage and it’s one the nansho or ‘difficult places’ that test the will of pilgrims although the cable car that starts in Kagawa makes it much easier to get up to the top now.  In the temple grounds are masses of stone rakan statues of followers of the Buddha. There are also other statues of Kannon and Fudo, which are both National Treasures.  The temple was founded by Kukai in his youth and was dedicated by Emperor Kameyama who planted a gingko tree in the grounds.  At one time in its heyday the temple had seven shrines, twelve affiliated halls, and eight branch temples.
    temple-66-umpenji-16.jpg
  • Unpenji is Temple No. 66 on the Shikoku Pilgrimage. Although counted as being in Kagawa Prefecture, it’s actually just across the prefectural border in Tokushima. Located at an elevation of 911 metres, it is the highest temple on the pilgrimage and it’s one the nansho or ‘difficult places’ that test the will of pilgrims although the cable car that starts in Kagawa makes it much easier to get up to the top now.  In the temple grounds are masses of stone rakan statues of followers of the Buddha. There are also other statues of Kannon and Fudo, which are both National Treasures.  The temple was founded by Kukai in his youth and was dedicated by Emperor Kameyama who planted a gingko tree in the grounds.  At one time in its heyday the temple had seven shrines, twelve affiliated halls, and eight branch temples.
    temple-66-umpenji-15.jpg
  • Unpenji - Temple 66 on the Shikoku Pilgrimage-   Although Unpenji is much closer to the population centers of Ehime and Kagawa prefectures, but it is officially a part of Tokushima prefecture.  Unpenji temple is a Sekisho temple, a sort of spiritual checkpoint to ensure sincerity, and also a difficult one to reach.  What is the most impressive at Unpenji temple is the expressive and lifelike 500 Arhats - saints who gathered for the Buddhist Councils when the Buddha reached Nirvana. The expression of each 500 Arhati is different from each other. Some look thoughtful, some fierce, and a few with smiles. At 911 meters above the sea level, Unpenji is at the border between Tokushima and Kagawa Prefectures. Standing on the mountain, visitors can enjoy the panoramic view of the Sanuki plain, the Inland Sea and the mountains of Tokushima.
    temple-66-umpenji-5.jpg
  • Taisanji Temple is number 56 on the Shikoku pilgrimage, where women come to pray for giving birth painlessly.  The characters that are used to write the name of the temple have the same pronunciation as the characters for “Easy Birth Temple” and women come here to pray for giving birth painlessly.  In addition to being a holy man, Kukai was an accomplished civil engineer, and when he visited here the local people were troubled by a river that tended to flood and carry people away. Kukai supervised the construction of embankments.  In 1881, the bell tower was rebuilt using timbers from the drum hall of Imabari Castle. 
    temple-56-taisan-ji-5.jpg
  • Incense at Enmyoji - temple No. 53 on the Shikoku pilgrimage. The temple has tile sculptures on the roofs of its buildings with Wheel of Dharma features prominently as a motif.  The first point of interest is the Nio guardians in the gatehouse with fierce eyes made of translucent yellow material that rather make them look like aliens.  Near the graves, there is a vaguely crucifix stone, carved with a figure who is said to be Mary, mother of Jesus. Christianity was forbidden in Japan from the 1600s, but there were many hidden Christians in Shikoku. The location of the temple has changed over the centuries. Between 668 and 749, Gyoki visited the area and built a temple around it. The temple he built was close to the sea where the temple's Okunoin is today. He called the temple Enmyo-ji.  Kukai designated the temple as number fifty-three. The local Kono clan, whose ancestors were pirates, were benefactors of the temple. The temple burned down on several occasions, and the site was often in ruins until the Suga, a powerful local family moved the temple to its current site in the early 1600s.
    temple-53-enmyoji-8.jpg
  • Enmyoji is temple No. 53 on the Shikoku pilgrimage. The temple has tile sculptures on the roofs of its buildings with Wheel of Dharma features prominently as a motif.  The first point of interest is the Nio guardians in the gatehouse with fierce eyes made of translucent yellow material that rather make them look like aliens.  Near the graves, there is a vaguely crucifix stone, carved with a figure who is said to be Mary, mother of Jesus. Christianity was forbidden in Japan from the 1600s, but there were many hidden Christians in Shikoku. The location of the temple has changed over the centuries. Between 668 and 749, Gyoki visited the area and built a temple around it. The temple he built was close to the sea where the temple's Okunoin is today. He called the temple Enmyo-ji.  Kukai designated the temple as number fifty-three. The local Kono clan, whose ancestors were pirates, were benefactors of the temple. The temple burned down on several occasions, and the site was often in ruins until the Suga, a powerful local family moved the temple to its current site in the early 1600s.
    temple-53-enmyoji-2.jpg
  • Jizo at Taisanji - Temple No. 52 of the Shikoku 88 temple pilgrimage. The main hall which was rebuilt in 1305,has been designated as a National Treasure, while the Niomon Gate is an important national cultural property.  Taisanji has wonderful views of the Shikoku Mountains.  The main bhall is one of the more spectacular on the pilgrimage and said to have been built in one day by a merchant who was miraculously delivered from a storm while sailing with a cargo on the Inland Sea.  An unforgettable feature of Taisan-ji is the bell tower with its paintings of heaven and shocking picture of hell.
    temple-52-taisanji-3.jpg
  • Joruriji is temple No. 46 on the Shikoku Pilgrimage.  It stands among fields on a gentle slope in the south of Matsuyama.  The temple building is largely hidden from view by the tall trees that surround it. These ancient junipers are thought to be about 1,000 years old.  The grounds are composed of a beautiful, well-tended garden. Next to the main hall is a wisteria bower next to lotus ponds. The temple is believed to have a lot of divine favors, so it is also referred to as "Handyman of divine favors"Emon Saburo came from this area, and a stone monument is engraved with a haiku written by Masaoka Shiki.
    temple-46-jororiji-4.jpg
  • Pond Garden and Jizo at Ryukoji - Temple 41 on the Shikoku Pilgrimage and is located on a steep hillside with a fine view down a pastoral valley. Kukai is said to have founded it in 807.  The temple, which is associated both with dragons and rice which are celebrated in Japan’s native religion, also includes an attractive Shinto shrine in its precincts.  Ryuko-ji stands on a hillside up a steep flight of stone steps in a valley. The real interest at Ryuko-ji lies beyond the unremarkable temple buildings further up the hill where the shrines are. At the top of the stairs is a shrine to the Inari or fox deity, whose shrines are typically red. Its official name is Banfudasho Inariyama Gokokuin Ryuko.
    temple-41-ryukoji-8.jpg
  • Ishite-ji - Temple 51 on the Shikoku Pilgrimage is one of the oldest and most beloved of all the 88 temples.  is considered to be one of the most spectacular of all the 88 temples along the trail. The sprawling Ishite-ji temple compound is composed of several halls, a three-storied pagoda and a unique inner temple connected to the main grounds via a cave. The dimly lit cave is remarkable in and of itself though dark and spooky. Ishiteji is known for its Niomon Gate, a designated national treasure.  All of these structures exhibit typical architectural style of the Kamakura Era.
    temple-41-ishiteji-3.jpg
  • Shoruji is temple No. 36 on the Shikoku Pilgrimage, located on a peninsula jutting into the Pacific Ocean. Pilgrims used to have to reach the temple by ferry, but in 1975 a bridge was built. The deity of the temple is is venerated as the guardian of fishermen. Shoryuji is known as the “Green Dragon Temple”. The environment is fantastically beautiful with bamboo forests and stairs dotted with statues and path markers. Shouryuuji is truly a highlight for any pilgrim. This temple houses the fierce “Dragon Fudou”.
    temple-36-shoryuji-10.jpg
  • Shoruji is temple No. 36 on the Shikoku Pilgrimage, located on a peninsula jutting into the Pacific Ocean. Pilgrims used to have to reach the temple by ferry, but in 1975 a bridge was built. The deity of the temple is is venerated as the guardian of fishermen. Shoryuji is known as the “Green Dragon Temple”. The environment is fantastically beautiful with bamboo forests and stairs dotted with statues and path markers. Shouryuuji is truly a highlight for any pilgrim. This temple houses the fierce “Dragon Fudou”.
    temple-36-shoryuji-4.jpg
  • Tosa Kokubunji - Temple 29 on the Shikoku Pilgrimage  - Tosa Kokubunji temple's history goes back more than 1200 years. The temple was constructed under the direction of Gyoki in the year 741 set in lush yet silent woods. The temple was once called Konkomyo Tennou Gokokunotera as it served as a place of worship for peace and tranquility, good harvests and the well being of all. Kokubunji Temple was later revived by Koubo Daishi as a temple of the Shingon Buddhist sect.  In 1922 a historical mound was discovered, which led to the entire temple grounds being designated as a National Cultural Heritage site. Excavation surveys held within the temple grounds in 1977 led to the discovery of the remains of dwellings dating back to the Yayoi period. Various emperors have used the temple as a place of rest.
    temple-29-tosa-kokubunji-10.jpg
  • Tosa Kokubunji - Temple 29 on the Shikoku Pilgrimage  - Tosa Kokubunji temple's history goes back more than 1200 years. The temple was constructed under the direction of Gyoki in the year 741 set in lush yet silent woods. The temple was once called Konkomyo Tennou Gokokunotera as it served as a place of worship for peace and tranquility, good harvests and the well being of all. Kokubunji Temple was later revived by Koubo Daishi as a temple of the Shingon Buddhist sect.  In 1922 a historical mound was discovered, which led to the entire temple grounds being designated as a National Cultural Heritage site. Excavation surveys held within the temple grounds in 1977 led to the discovery of the remains of dwellings dating back to the Yayoi period. Various emperors have used the temple as a place of rest.
    temple-29-tosa-kokubunji-1.jpg
  • Dainichiji is the 28th temple on the Shikoku pilgrimage - the walk from the previous temple, Konomineji is about 38 kilometers, mostly along the coast, a full days walk and then some. Dainichiji is also the name of two other temples on the pilgrimage, the Temple Number 4 and Temple Number 13 in Tokushima Prefecture. According to legend Gyoki founded Dainichiji in the 8th century. He is credited with carving the statue of Dainichi which is a secret Buddha and is therefore not shown to the public. In the early 9th century Kobo Daishi stayed nearby and carved a statue of Yakushi Nyorai, the Medicine Buddha.  According to the legend he only used his fingernails to sculpt it out of a camphor tree. The temple has a reputation for healing head and upper body ailments and so is visited by those with such ailments.
    temple-29-dainichiji-9.jpg
  • Vertical Garden at Ryukoin - a temple of the Shogin sect of Buddhism.  Its official name is: Rinkaizan Fukujuryuji Temple Ryukoin. The main deity is the eleven-faced Kannon Bodhisattva.  Ryukoin is not among the official 88 Shikoku henro pilgrimage but is rather a bangai fudosho affiliate temple closely associated with Kobo Daishi and the Shikoku Pilgrimage.  Significantly, is the place where Kobo Daishi  applied for the creation of the Shikoku Sacred Sites. The temple Is associated with the Date family the first lord of the Uwajima clan, and later merged with another temple to form Ryukoin. TodayRyukoin is listed as Bangai number  6 on the Shikoku Pilgrimage, thanks to it’s close association to Kobo Daishi.
    ryokoin-uwajima-4.jpg
  • Ryukoin is a temple of the Shogin sect of Buddhism.  Its official name is: Rinkaizan Fukujuryuji Temple Ryukoin. The main deity is the eleven-faced Kannon Bodhisattva.  Ryukoin is not among the official 88 Shikoku henro pilgrimage but is rather a bangai fudosho affiliate temple closely associated with Kobo Daishi and the Shikoku Pilgrimage.  Significantly, is the place where Kobo Daishi  applied for the creation of the Shikoku Sacred Sites. The temple Is associated with the Date family the first lord of the Uwajima clan, and later merged with another temple to form Ryukoin. TodayRyukoin is listed as Bangai number  6 on the Shikoku Pilgrimage, thanks to it’s close association to Kobo Daishi.
    ryokoin-uwajima-2.jpg
  • Vertical Garden at Konomineji - Temple 27 Konomineji is situated a long days walk - about 28 kilometers - from the previous temple, Kongochoji.  Konomineji is situated at 424 meters above sea level on the upper slope of Konomine Peak.  A section of the footpath leading to it is very steep, so the temple is called a Nansho Temple, meaning that it is hard to reach. It is one of the most difficult climbs in the entire pilgrimage, the path leading to the temple continues for more than a kilometre at a slope of 45 degrees. It is also classed as a sekisho, a kind of "spiritual checkpoint" where your motives are examined and if found wanting pilgrims would be unable to carry on with the pilgrimage. Konomineji was founded in the early 8th century by Gyoki who is credited with founding quite a few of the temples on the Shikoku Pilgrimage, about a century later Kobo Daishi visited and expanded the temple.  On the temple’s slopes is a beautifully sculpted vertical garden.
    konomineji-27-temple--18.jpg
  • Gion-ji Temple Gate in Mito is a Zen temple of Mitsukuni Mito foundation of the public with history dating back to China of the Ming Dynasty. Kokoro Etsu Zenji was brought over to Japan is the founder. At that time it was the head temple with 30 branches   under Nanzenji in Kyoto. Currently, Gion-ji is under the supervision of Sojiji Temple in Yokohama, is the temple of the Soto sect.
    gion-ji-mito-2.jpg
  • Enmyoji is temple No. 53 on the Shikoku pilgrimage. The temple has tile sculptures on the roofs of its buildings with Wheel of Dharma features prominently as a motif.  The first point of interest is the Nio guardians in the gatehouse with fierce eyes made of translucent yellow material that rather make them look like aliens.  Near the graves, there is a vaguely crucifix stone, carved with a figure who is said to be Mary, mother of Jesus. Christianity was forbidden in Japan from the 1600s, but there were many hidden Christians in Shikoku. The location of the temple has changed over the centuries. Between 668 and 749, Gyoki visited the area and built a temple around it. The temple he built was close to the sea where the temple's Okunoin is today. He called the temple Enmyo-ji.  Kukai designated the temple as number fifty-three. The local Kono clan, whose ancestors were pirates, were benefactors of the temple. The temple burned down on several occasions, and the site was often in ruins until the Suga, a powerful local family moved the temple to its current site in the early 1600s.
    temple-53-enmyoji-11.jpg
  • Daikoji is temple No. 67 on the Shikoku Pilgrimage.  The temple is located in the countryside on the outskirts of Kannonji. The huge camphor tree in the compound is said to have been planted by Kukai. The statue is of Tendai Daishi, the Chinese founder of T’ien-t’ai Buddhism. The temple has Daishido Halls for both the Shingon and Tendai sects. Like many other temples, this temple was burned by the warriors of Chosokabe Motochika in the 16th century.  In 792 it was visited by Daishi on a preaching tour, then in 822 it was restored with an imperial edict by Emperor Saga, then later moved to a small hill surrounded by forest where it currently stands. At the time, there were 24 dwellings of the Shingon Sect and 12 of the Tendai Sect within the same compound, and while having such an unusual history of both sects studying within the same precincts, it is currently part of the Shingon Zentsuji Sect.
    temple-67-daikoji.jpg
  • Daikoji is temple No. 67 on the Shikoku Pilgrimage.  The temple is located in the countryside on the outskirts of Kannonji. The huge camphor tree in the compound is said to have been planted by Kukai. The statue is of Tendai Daishi, the Chinese founder of T’ien-t’ai Buddhism. The temple has Daishido Halls for both the Shingon and Tendai sects. Like many other temples, this temple was burned by the warriors of Chosokabe Motochika in the 16th century.  In 792 it was visited by Daishi on a preaching tour, then in 822 it was restored with an imperial edict by Emperor Saga, then later moved to a small hill surrounded by forest where it currently stands. At the time, there were 24 dwellings of the Shingon Sect and 12 of the Tendai Sect within the same compound, and while having such an unusual history of both sects studying within the same precincts, it is currently part of the Shingon Zentsuji Sect.
    temple-67-daikoji-4.jpg
  • Maegami-ji is temple No. 64 on the Shikoku Pilgrimage. The temple is located in the foothills of Mt. Ishizuchi, the highest mountain in western Japan. The temple was founded in 678 by En no Gyoja who was pursuing ascetic training on the summit of the mountain. The buildings take the architectural form of a Shinto shrine, reflecting the influence of the Shinto on Buddhism in Japan.  Kukai is said to have spent 21 days on the top of Mt. Ishizuchi performing a fire ritual. Mt. Ishizuchi dominates the scenery of Saijo. Maegami-ji Temple stands in a valley between the foothills of Ishizuchi. The mountain itself is revered as a god, and Maegami-ji means “the temple in front of the god”. Buddhism and Shinto have been closely interrelated over the centuries, and in layout of the grounds and architectural appearance of its main hall, this temple has a lot in common with Shinto shrines.
    temple-64-maegamiji-7.jpg
  • Kichijoji is Temple No. 63 on the pilgrimage standsing between busy Route 11 and the JR railway line, with a number of tall trees growing in its precincts, which give it a luxuriously leafy atmosphere.  Every temple has a votive image representing something of Buddhist significance, and Kichijo-ji is unique in having a Bishamon statue. Bishamon is one of the Seven Lucky Gods revered in Japan. They originated in India and China from various Hindu and Taoist backgrounds. Bishamon’s wife is Kichijo, and the temple takes its name from her. Bishamon is a warrior who serves as guardian of the places where Buddha preaches. There's a little eight-sided building with a Chinese look which holds statues of the six lucky gods other than Bishamon.  In the grounds of the temple, you’ll see a stone with a hole in it - it’s said that if you put your kongozue or pilgrim’s staff into it, your prayers will be granted.
    temple-63-kichijoji-5.jpg
  • Senyuji Rest Hut - Henro Goya Huts  are often somewhat exposed to the elements, and usually more suitable for a rest or nap rather than an overnight stay except in a pinch. These huts have been built through volunteer and local community efforts and provide a welcome place to rest or nap.  Uta Ichiyo, a Japanese architect, designed many of these huts, although they were built by volunteers and financed by local communities.  The ultimate aim is to create 88 of these huts for the convenience of all 88 temples.  Most of these huts were designed for taking a rest or a nap only and sleeping overnight in them is frowned upon by locals.  In a pinch, they may be servicable but it is very important to ask local neighbors or the nearest police box for permission first.
    henro-hut-senyuji-2.jpg
  • Jizo at Senyuji - Senyuji Temple is No. 58 on the Shikoku pilgrimage and one of the more impressively located pilgrimage temples standing on a hillside 1,300 feet above sea level which means that pilgrims who walk to it have quite a climb. The guardian statues in the gateway below the temple are impressive. Behind the daishi-do is a flight of concrete steps which leads up into the hill behind the temple. This path passes through pleasant woods of evergreen and trees including sasa bamboo. It’s lined at intervals with attractive Buddhist statues. The path leads to a hilltop with panoramic views of Imabari, the Shimanami-Kaido suspension bridge and the Seto Inland Sea. For this walk, sensible shoes are a must.  Sadly In 1947, all of the buildings built by Kobo Daishi between 810-824 burned down in a forest fire. They were rebuilt from 1953.  Senyu-ji is one of six pilgrimage temples located relatively close together in Imabari.
    temple-58-senyuji-6.jpg
  • Taisanji Temple is number 56 on the Shikoku pilgrimage, where women come to pray for giving birth painlessly.  The characters that are used to write the name of the temple have the same pronunciation as the characters for “Easy Birth Temple” and women come here to pray for giving birth painlessly.  In addition to being a holy man, Kukai was an accomplished civil engineer, and when he visited here the local people were troubled by a river that tended to flood and carry people away. Kukai supervised the construction of embankments.  In 1881, the bell tower was rebuilt using timbers from the drum hall of Imabari Castle. 
    temple-56-taisan-ji-3.jpg
  • Nankobo is temple No. 55 with a magnificent gate facing the main road, with four fierce guardians decorated with gold leaf.  The daishido is large and impressive. It’s the only temple of the 88 to be called “bo” instead of the typical “ji”. “Bo” means “small Buddhist temple”, which is ironic because Nankobo is one of the biggest of the 88. It stands in what is in effect a religious agglomeration, a complex of sandy plazas dotted with temple and shrine buildings that stretches for three city blocks.  Although it isn’t immediately obvious, the main hall of Nankobo is made of concrete. The original building was destroyed in the bombing of Imabari during WWII. The wooden gate at the entrance to the temple is of recent construction too, although its style is old. The temple guardians housed in the gate, front and back, are magnificently ferocious and expressive with their wooden and gilt highlights.
    temple-55-nankobo-7.jpg
  • Nankobo is temple No. 55 with a magnificent gate facing the main road, with four fierce guardians decorated with gold leaf.  The daishido is large and impressive. It’s the only temple of the 88 to be called “bo” instead of the typical “ji”. “Bo” means “small Buddhist temple”, which is ironic because Nankobo is one of the biggest of the 88. It stands in what is in effect a religious agglomeration, a complex of sandy plazas dotted with temple and shrine buildings that stretches for three city blocks.  Although it isn’t immediately obvious, the main hall of Nankobo is made of concrete. The original building was destroyed in the bombing of Imabari during WWII. The wooden gate at the entrance to the temple is of recent construction too, although its style is old. The temple guardians housed in the gate, front and back, are magnificently ferocious and expressive with their wooden and gilt highlights.
    temple-55-nankobo-3.jpg
  • Enmeiji is temple No. 54 on the Shikoku Henro Pilgrimage, dedicated to children lost in childbirth or aborted. The temple is unique in having two separate bell towers in its precincts. The temple was founded by Gyoki, and later restored by Kukai. It was renamed Enmeiji because it had previously had the same reading as No. 53 Enmyoji during the Meiji era. After several wars, they relocated the temple and settled at their present location.  Enmeiji is also called “The Temple of Long Life” and has been at its current location since 1727. Prayers for health and a long life are given here.
    temple-54-enmeiji-3.jpg
  • Enmyoji is temple No. 53 on the Shikoku pilgrimage. The temple has tile sculptures on the roofs of its buildings with Wheel of Dharma features prominently as a motif.  The first point of interest is the Nio guardians in the gatehouse with fierce eyes made of translucent yellow material that rather make them look like aliens.  Near the graves, there is a vaguely crucifix stone, carved with a figure who is said to be Mary, mother of Jesus. Christianity was forbidden in Japan from the 1600s, but there were many hidden Christians in Shikoku. The location of the temple has changed over the centuries. Between 668 and 749, Gyoki visited the area and built a temple around it. The temple he built was close to the sea where the temple's Okunoin is today. He called the temple Enmyo-ji.  Kukai designated the temple as number fifty-three. The local Kono clan, whose ancestors were pirates, were benefactors of the temple. The temple burned down on several occasions, and the site was often in ruins until the Suga, a powerful local family moved the temple to its current site in the early 1600s.
    temple-53-enmyoji-12.jpg
  • Butsuokuji the The Temple of the Buddha’s Tree is temple No. 42 of the 88 of the Shikoku pilgrimage. The temple appears as a fascinating variety of roofs rising out of the trees. One of these roofs is the unusual thatched roof of the temple bell house covered in moss.  The Hondo or Main Hall is topped with a flaming gold ball representing the teachings of the Buddha, which stands in stark contrast to the dark trees behind it. The grounds of the temple are planted with many beautiful trees including magnolia, maple and camphor. 
    temple-42-butsumokuji-1.jpg
  • Ishite-ji - Temple 51 on the Shikoku Pilgrimage is one of the oldest and most beloved of all the 88 temples.  is considered to be one of the most spectacular of all the 88 temples along the trail. The sprawling Ishite-ji temple compound is composed of several halls, a three-storied pagoda and a unique inner temple connected to the main grounds via a cave. The dimly lit cave is remarkable in and of itself though dark and spooky. Ishiteji is known for its Niomon Gate, a designated national treasure.  All of these structures exhibit typical architectural style of the Kamakura Era.
    temple-41-ishiteji-43.jpg
  • Ishite-ji - Temple 51 on the Shikoku Pilgrimage is one of the oldest and most beloved of all the 88 temples.  is considered to be one of the most spectacular of all the 88 temples along the trail. The sprawling Ishite-ji temple compound is composed of several halls, a three-storied pagoda and a unique inner temple connected to the main grounds via a cave. The dimly lit cave is remarkable in and of itself though dark and spooky. Ishiteji is known for its Niomon Gate, a designated national treasure.  All of these structures exhibit typical architectural style of the Kamakura Era.
    temple-41-ishiteji-36.jpg
  • Ishite-ji Gate - Ishiteji is Temple 51 on the Shikoku Pilgrimage is one of the oldest and most beloved of all the 88 temples.  is considered to be one of the most spectacular of all the 88 temples along the trail. The sprawling Ishite-ji temple compound is composed of several halls, a three-storied pagoda and a unique inner temple connected to the main grounds via a cave. The dimly lit cave is remarkable in and of itself though dark and spooky. Ishiteji is known for its Niomon Gate, a designated national treasure.  All of these structures exhibit typical architectural style of the Kamakura Era.
    temple-41-ishiteji-34.jpg
  • Zenrakuji is the 30th temple on the Shikoku Pilgrimage and is right next door to Tosa Shrine, a place it is historically connected to. The current Zenrakuji is modern, having been built after World War II, and did not become the 30th temple until the 1990’s. The original Zenrakuji was built in the 9th century within the grounds of what is now Tosa Shrine. Back then it was a temple-shrine complex with various Buddhist structures within it, a situation that is not at all unusual in Japan.  It is not alarge temple and the main hall is made of concrete. Most visitors also visit the much larger Tosa Shrine across the road.
    temple-30-zenrakuji-4.jpg
  • Vertical Garden at Ryukoin - a temple of the Shogin sect of Buddhism.  Its official name is: Rinkaizan Fukujuryuji Temple Ryukoin. The main deity is the eleven-faced Kannon Bodhisattva.  Ryukoin is not among the official 88 Shikoku henro pilgrimage but is rather a bangai fudosho affiliate temple closely associated with Kobo Daishi and the Shikoku Pilgrimage.  Significantly, is the place where Kobo Daishi  applied for the creation of the Shikoku Sacred Sites. The temple Is associated with the Date family the first lord of the Uwajima clan, and later merged with another temple to form Ryukoin. TodayRyukoin is listed as Bangai number  6 on the Shikoku Pilgrimage, thanks to it’s close association to Kobo Daishi.
    ryokoin-uwajima-5.jpg
  • Vertical Garden at Konomineji - Temple 27 Konomineji is situated a long days walk - about 28 kilometers - from the previous temple, Kongochoji.  Konomineji is situated at 424 meters above sea level on the upper slope of Konomine Peak.  A section of the footpath leading to it is very steep, so the temple is called a Nansho Temple, meaning that it is hard to reach. It is one of the most difficult climbs in the entire pilgrimage, the path leading to the temple continues for more than a kilometre at a slope of 45 degrees. It is also classed as a sekisho, a kind of "spiritual checkpoint" where your motives are examined and if found wanting pilgrims would be unable to carry on with the pilgrimage. Konomineji was founded in the early 8th century by Gyoki who is credited with founding quite a few of the temples on the Shikoku Pilgrimage, about a century later Kobo Daishi visited and expanded the temple.  On the temple’s slopes is a beautifully sculpted vertical garden.
    konomineji-27-temple--15.jpg
  • Vertical Garden at Konomineji - Temple 27 Konomineji is situated a long days walk - about 28 kilometers - from the previous temple, Kongochoji.  Konomineji is situated at 424 meters above sea level on the upper slope of Konomine Peak.  A section of the footpath leading to it is very steep, so the temple is called a Nansho Temple, meaning that it is hard to reach. It is one of the most difficult climbs in the entire pilgrimage, the path leading to the temple continues for more than a kilometre at a slope of 45 degrees. It is also classed as a sekisho, a kind of "spiritual checkpoint" where your motives are examined and if found wanting pilgrims would be unable to carry on with the pilgrimage. Konomineji was founded in the early 8th century by Gyoki who is credited with founding quite a few of the temples on the Shikoku Pilgrimage, about a century later Kobo Daishi visited and expanded the temple.  On the temple’s slopes is a beautifully sculpted vertical garden.
    konomineji-27-temple--14.jpg
  • Temple 27 Konomineji is situated a long days walk - about 28 kilometers - from the previous temple, Kongochoji.  Konomineji is situated at 424 meters above sea level on the upper slope of Konomine Peak.  A section of the footpath leading to it is very steep, so the temple is called a Nansho Temple, meaning that it is hard to reach. It is one of the most difficult climbs in the entire pilgrimage, the path leading to the temple continues for more than a kilometre at a slope of 45 degrees. It is also classed as a sekisho, a kind of "spiritual checkpoint" where your motives are examined and if found wanting pilgrims would be unable to carry on with the pilgrimage. Konomineji was founded in the early 8th century by Gyoki who is credited with founding quite a few of the temples on the Shikoku Pilgrimage, about a century later Kobo Daishi visited and expanded the temple.  On the temple’s slopes is a beautifully sculpted vertical garden.
    konomineji-27-temple--10.jpg
  • Pond Garden at Senyuji Temple - No. 58 on the Shikoku pilgrimage and one of the more impressively located pilgrimage temples standing on a hillside 1,300 feet above sea level which means that pilgrims who walk to it have quite a climb. The guardian statues in the gateway below the temple are impressive. Behind the daishi-do is a flight of concrete steps which leads up into the hill behind the temple. This path passes through pleasant woods of evergreen and trees including sasa bamboo. It’s lined at intervals with attractive Buddhist statues. The path leads to a hilltop with panoramic views of Imabari, the Shimanami-Kaido suspension bridge and the Seto Inland Sea. For this walk, sensible shoes are a must.  Sadly In 1947, all of the buildings built by Kobo Daishi between 810-824 burned down in a forest fire. They were rebuilt from 1953.  Senyu-ji is one of six pilgrimage temples located relatively close together in Imabari.
    temple-58-senyuji-15.jpg
  • The Issa Soju Memorial Hall in Nagareyama commemorates Issa Kobayashi, a renowned Japanese haiku poet in the 18th and 19th centuries and Soju Akimoto, a brewer of mirin. Issa Kobayashi visited Nagareyama often to see Sanzaemon Akimoto whose pen name was Soju. The home of Akimoto family showcases the Sojutei outer garden, Issa-an dry garden. Sojutei was originally built as the library and study of the Akimotos in the style of a tea-ceremony house. It has been restored, and consists of Okunoma, Nakanoma and Ochanoma with verandas  facing east, west and south overlooking the dry garden.  Issa-an consists of an eight tatami-mat room and is used for tea ceremonies and gathering of haiku poets.  The Issa-Soju Memorial Hall opened in 1995 to commemorate <br />
the friendship and correspondence between Soju Akimoto and Issa Kobayashi.
    issa-sojo-10.jpg
  • Howa-en is also called Mito Mitsuke is relatively hidden and unsung garden in Mito, Ibaraki. It is most famous for its hydrangeas of which there are 10 <br />
different species, in bloom during July. In addition, there are wisteria near the pond growing in their trellises. The pond garden has a small pagoda on its own tiny island framed by Japanese pines which is lit up in the evenings. Amebas Pond is the centerpiece of the garden, with a strolling path around its cicircumference, which passes by a small waterfall, plum and sakura cherry trees. The grounds of Howaen or Howa-en are adjacent to Keiseiruji Temple (original name was Kokadoin or Kofuin) and was a favorite of Tokugawa Mitsukuni who named it Hodenkoen. Locally the temple and garden complex is called
    howa-en-09.jpg
  • Yakushiike Garden is named after its central pond, Yakushi-ike.  The Pond garden is surrounded by plum and cherry trees, so it is a famous spot in Tokyo for hanami or cherry blossom viewing.  Its unique two tried arched bridge is the centerpiece of the garden. Within the park grounds, there are thatched roof rural houses, former residences of the Nagai and Hagino families that have been preserved.  The park has been designated as a National Designated Cultural Property and a National Place of Scenic Beauty. And one of Japan’s top 100 Historical Parks.
    yakushiike-11.jpg
  • Yakushiike Garden is named after its central pond, Yakushi-ike.  The Pond garden is surrounded by plum and cherry trees, so it is a famous spot in Tokyo for hanami or cherry blossom viewing.  Its unique two tried arched bridge is the centerpiece of the garden. Within the park grounds, there are thatched roof rural houses, former residences of the Nagai and Hagino families that have been preserved.  The park has been designated as a National Designated Cultural Property and a National Place of Scenic Beauty. And one of Japan’s top 100 Historical Parks.
    yakushiike-08.jpg
  • Kozanji Temple was founded by famous monk Myoe and is renowned for its numerous national treasures and important cultural properties, especially the picture scroll called Choju-giga. Toganoo, located deep in the mountains west of Kyoto which are famous for their autumn foliage, is considered an ideal location for mountain asceticism.  Kozanji was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site for its rich collection of historical items rather than for its architecture.
    kozanji-2.jpg
  • Ninomaru garden was designed by the famous landscape architect and tea master, Kobori Enshu. It is located between the two main rings of fortifications, next to the palace of the same name. The garden has a large pond with three islands and features numerous carefully placed stones and topiary pine trees.  Nijo Castle and its garden are a UNESCO World Heritage site.
    ninomaru-7.jpg
  • Ritsurin Trail within this magnificent landscape garden in Takamatsu.  It is  thought to be one of the finest gardens in Japan.  The garden boasts many features such as trails, teahouses, ponds, hills and pavilions set by Mt. Shiun providing a kind of borrowed scenery.
    ritsurin-garden-09.jpg
  • Iyo Kokubunji Temple is No. 59 on the Shikoku pilgrimage.  This is the only temple on the pilgrimage belonging to the Shingon Ritsu Sect. It was founded in 807 by Kobo Daishi, the founder of the pilgrimage, who carved the statue of Enmei Jizo Bosatsu. This deity is called the Helmsman Jizo, and fishermen believe that it protects them at sea. In the main hall there are thousands of small statues of Jizo donated by pilgrims from all over Japan. In the hands of each statue is a ship's wheel  There is a statue of Kobo Daishi on the grounds near the medicine ball, with which you can shake hands.
    temple-59-iyo-kokubunji-1.jpg
  • Daikoji is temple No. 67 on the Shikoku Pilgrimage.  The temple is located in the countryside on the outskirts of Kannonji. The huge camphor tree in the compound is said to have been planted by Kukai. The statue is of Tendai Daishi, the Chinese founder of T’ien-t’ai Buddhism. The temple has Daishido Halls for both the Shingon and Tendai sects. Like many other temples, this temple was burned by the warriors of Chosokabe Motochika in the 16th century.  In 792 it was visited by Daishi on a preaching tour, then in 822 it was restored with an imperial edict by Emperor Saga, then later moved to a small hill surrounded by forest where it currently stands. At the time, there were 24 dwellings of the Shingon Sect and 12 of the Tendai Sect within the same compound, and while having such an unusual history of both sects studying within the same precincts, it is currently part of the Shingon Zentsuji Sect.
    temple-67-daikoji-2.jpg
  • Unpenji - Temple 66 on the Shikoku Pilgrimage-   Although Unpenji is much closer to the population centers of Ehime and Kagawa prefectures, but it is officially a part of Tokushima prefecture.  Unpenji temple is a Sekisho temple, a sort of spiritual checkpoint to ensure sincerity, and also a difficult one to reach.  What is the most impressive at Unpenji temple is the expressive and lifelike 500 Arhats - saints who gathered for the Buddhist Councils when the Buddha reached Nirvana. The expression of each 500 Arhati is different from each other. Some look thoughtful, some fierce, and a few with smiles. At 911 meters above the sea level, Unpenji is at the border between Tokushima and Kagawa Prefectures. Standing on the mountain, visitors can enjoy the panoramic view of the Sanuki plain, the Inland Sea and the mountains of Tokushima.
    temple-66-umpenji-6.jpg
  • Sankaku-ji is temple No. 65 on the Shikoku Pilgrimage, located at an elevation of 450 m near the top of a mountain. Its name, the 'triangular temple' refers to a triangular altar used by Kobo Daishi at the temple to exorcise a ghost. The triangle has been used as a holy symbol in many faith systems, including mythologies in Christian religions as well. This temple has its name from the a triangular altar, as well as a triangular mini lake on the premises as well.The temple is dedicated to easy childbirth. The temple features some spectacular wooden carving.  Sankaku-ji is devoted to Juichimen Kannon, the boddhisattva of compassion.
    temple-65-sankakuji-7.jpg
  • Sankaku-ji is temple No. 65 on the Shikoku Pilgrimage, located at an elevation of 450 m near the top of a mountain. Its name, the 'triangular temple' refers to a triangular altar used by Kobo Daishi at the temple to exorcise a ghost. The triangle has been used as a holy symbol in many faith systems, including mythologies in Christian religions as well. This temple has its name from the a triangular altar, as well as a triangular mini lake on the premises as well.The temple is dedicated to easy childbirth. The temple features some spectacular wooden carving.  Sankaku-ji is devoted to Juichimen Kannon, the boddhisattva of compassion.
    temple-65-sankakuji-4.jpg
  • Fudo Waterfall at Maegami-ji - temple No. 64 on the Shikoku Pilgrimage. The temple is located in the foothills of Mt. Ishizuchi, the highest mountain in western Japan. The temple was founded in 678 by En no Gyoja who was pursuing ascetic training on the summit of the mountain. The buildings take the architectural form of a Shinto shrine, reflecting the influence of the Shinto on Buddhism in Japan.  Kukai is said to have spent 21 days on the top of Mt. Ishizuchi performing a fire ritual. Mt. Ishizuchi dominates the scenery of Saijo. Maegami-ji Temple stands in a valley between the foothills of Ishizuchi. The mountain itself is revered as a god, and Maegami-ji means “the temple in front of the god”. Buddhism and Shinto have been closely interrelated over the centuries, and in layout of the grounds and architectural appearance of its main hall, this temple has a lot in common with Shinto shrines.
    temple-64-maegamiji-5.jpg
  • Kichijoji is Temple No. 63 on the pilgrimage standsing between busy Route 11 and the JR railway line, with a number of tall trees growing in its precincts, which give it a luxuriously leafy atmosphere.  Every temple has a votive image representing something of Buddhist significance, and Kichijo-ji is unique in having a Bishamon statue. Bishamon is one of the Seven Lucky Gods revered in Japan. They originated in India and China from various Hindu and Taoist backgrounds. Bishamon’s wife is Kichijo, and the temple takes its name from her. Bishamon is a warrior who serves as guardian of the places where Buddha preaches. There's a little eight-sided building with a Chinese look which holds statues of the six lucky gods other than Bishamon.  In the grounds of the temple, you’ll see a stone with a hole in it - it’s said that if you put your kongozue or pilgrim’s staff into it, your prayers will be granted.
    temple-63-kichijoji-7.jpg
  • Kichijoji is Temple No. 63 on the pilgrimage standsing between busy Route 11 and the JR railway line, with a number of tall trees growing in its precincts, which give it a luxuriously leafy atmosphere.  Every temple has a votive image representing something of Buddhist significance, and Kichijo-ji is unique in having a Bishamon statue. Bishamon is one of the Seven Lucky Gods revered in Japan. They originated in India and China from various Hindu and Taoist backgrounds. Bishamon’s wife is Kichijo, and the temple takes its name from her. Bishamon is a warrior who serves as guardian of the places where Buddha preaches. There's a little eight-sided building with a Chinese look which holds statues of the six lucky gods other than Bishamon.  In the grounds of the temple, you’ll see a stone with a hole in it - it’s said that if you put your kongozue or pilgrim’s staff into it, your prayers will be granted.
    temple-63-kichijoji-6.jpg
  • Senyuji Pilgrim Trail - Senyuji Temple is No. 58 on the Shikoku pilgrimage and one of the more impressively located pilgrimage temples standing on a hillside 1,300 feet above sea level which means that pilgrims who walk to it have quite a climb. The guardian statues in the gateway below the temple are impressive. Behind the daishi-do is a flight of concrete steps which leads up into the hill behind the temple. This path passes through pleasant woods of evergreen and trees including sasa bamboo. It’s lined at intervals with attractive Buddhist statues. The path leads to a hilltop with panoramic views of Imabari, the Shimanami-Kaido suspension bridge and the Seto Inland Sea. For this walk, sensible shoes are a must.  Sadly In 1947, all of the buildings built by Kobo Daishi between 810-824 burned down in a forest fire. They were rebuilt from 1953.  Senyu-ji is one of six pilgrimage temples located relatively close together in Imabari.
    temple-58-senyuji-13.jpg
  • Senyuji Temple is No. 58 on the Shikoku pilgrimage and one of the more impressively located pilgrimage temples standing on a hillside 1,300 feet above sea level which means that pilgrims who walk to it have quite a climb. The guardian statues in the gateway below the temple are impressive. Behind the daishi-do is a flight of concrete steps which leads up into the hill behind the temple. This path passes through pleasant woods of evergreen and trees including sasa bamboo. It’s lined at intervals with attractive Buddhist statues. The path leads to a hilltop with panoramic views of Imabari, the Shimanami-Kaido suspension bridge and the Seto Inland Sea. For this walk, sensible shoes are a must.  Sadly In 1947, all of the buildings built by Kobo Daishi between 810-824 burned down in a forest fire. They were rebuilt from 1953.  Senyu-ji is one of six pilgrimage temples located relatively close together in Imabari.
    temple-58-senyuji-8.jpg
  • Taisanji Temple is number 56 on the Shikoku pilgrimage, where women come to pray for giving birth painlessly.  The characters that are used to write the name of the temple have the same pronunciation as the characters for “Easy Birth Temple” and women come here to pray for giving birth painlessly.  In addition to being a holy man, Kukai was an accomplished civil engineer, and when he visited here the local people were troubled by a river that tended to flood and carry people away. Kukai supervised the construction of embankments.  In 1881, the bell tower was rebuilt using timbers from the drum hall of Imabari Castle. 
    temple-56-taisan-ji-1.jpg
  • Enmeiji is temple No. 54 on the Shikoku Henro Pilgrimage, dedicated to children lost in childbirth or aborted. The temple is unique in having two separate bell towers in its precincts. The temple was founded by Gyoki, and later restored by Kukai. It was renamed Enmeiji because it had previously had the same reading as No. 53 Enmyoji during the Meiji era. After several wars, they relocated the temple and settled at their present location.  Enmeiji is also called “The Temple of Long Life” and has been at its current location since 1727. Prayers for health and a long life are given here.
    temple-54-enmeiji-4.jpg
  • Incense at Enmyoji - temple No. 53 on the Shikoku pilgrimage. The temple has tile sculptures on the roofs of its buildings with Wheel of Dharma features prominently as a motif.  The first point of interest is the Nio guardians in the gatehouse with fierce eyes made of translucent yellow material that rather make them look like aliens.  Near the graves, there is a vaguely crucifix stone, carved with a figure who is said to be Mary, mother of Jesus. Christianity was forbidden in Japan from the 1600s, but there were many hidden Christians in Shikoku. The location of the temple has changed over the centuries. Between 668 and 749, Gyoki visited the area and built a temple around it. The temple he built was close to the sea where the temple's Okunoin is today. He called the temple Enmyo-ji.  Kukai designated the temple as number fifty-three. The local Kono clan, whose ancestors were pirates, were benefactors of the temple. The temple burned down on several occasions, and the site was often in ruins until the Suga, a powerful local family moved the temple to its current site in the early 1600s.
    temple-53-enmyoji-14.jpg
  • Buddha's Footprint at Enmyoji -  temple No. 53 on the Shikoku pilgrimage. The temple has tile sculptures on the roofs of its buildings with Wheel of Dharma features prominently as a motif.  The first point of interest is the Nio guardians in the gatehouse with fierce eyes made of translucent yellow material that rather make them look like aliens.  Near the graves, there is a vaguely crucifix stone, carved with a figure who is said to be Mary, mother of Jesus. Christianity was forbidden in Japan from the 1600s, but there were many hidden Christians in Shikoku. The location of the temple has changed over the centuries. Between 668 and 749, Gyoki visited the area and built a temple around it. The temple he built was close to the sea where the temple's Okunoin is today. He called the temple Enmyo-ji.  Kukai designated the temple as number fifty-three. The local Kono clan, whose ancestors were pirates, were benefactors of the temple. The temple burned down on several occasions, and the site was often in ruins until the Suga, a powerful local family moved the temple to its current site in the early 1600s.
    temple-53-enmyoji-13.jpg
  • Belltower and Gate at Enmyoji - temple No. 53 on the Shikoku pilgrimage. The temple has tile sculptures on the roofs of its buildings with Wheel of Dharma features prominently as a motif.  The first point of interest is the Nio guardians in the gatehouse with fierce eyes made of translucent yellow material that rather make them look like aliens.  Near the graves, there is a vaguely crucifix stone, carved with a figure who is said to be Mary, mother of Jesus. Christianity was forbidden in Japan from the 1600s, but there were many hidden Christians in Shikoku. The location of the temple has changed over the centuries. Between 668 and 749, Gyoki visited the area and built a temple around it. The temple he built was close to the sea where the temple's Okunoin is today. He called the temple Enmyo-ji.  Kukai designated the temple as number fifty-three. The local Kono clan, whose ancestors were pirates, were benefactors of the temple. The temple burned down on several occasions, and the site was often in ruins until the Suga, a powerful local family moved the temple to its current site in the early 1600s.
    temple-53-enmyoji-10.jpg
  • Belltower and Gate at Enmyoji - temple No. 53 on the Shikoku pilgrimage. The temple has tile sculptures on the roofs of its buildings with Wheel of Dharma features prominently as a motif.  The first point of interest is the Nio guardians in the gatehouse with fierce eyes made of translucent yellow material that rather make them look like aliens.  Near the graves, there is a vaguely crucifix stone, carved with a figure who is said to be Mary, mother of Jesus. Christianity was forbidden in Japan from the 1600s, but there were many hidden Christians in Shikoku. The location of the temple has changed over the centuries. Between 668 and 749, Gyoki visited the area and built a temple around it. The temple he built was close to the sea where the temple's Okunoin is today. He called the temple Enmyo-ji.  Kukai designated the temple as number fifty-three. The local Kono clan, whose ancestors were pirates, were benefactors of the temple. The temple burned down on several occasions, and the site was often in ruins until the Suga, a powerful local family moved the temple to its current site in the early 1600s.
    temple-53-enmyoji-1.jpg
  • Taisanji is Temple No. 52 of the Shikoku 88 temple pilgrimage. The main hall which was rebuilt in 1305,has been designated as a National Treasure, while the Niomon Gate is an important national cultural property.  Taisanji has wonderful views of the Shikoku Mountains.  The main bhall is one of the more spectacular on the pilgrimage and said to have been built in one day by a merchant who was miraculously delivered from a storm while sailing with a cargo on the Inland Sea.  An unforgettable feature of Taisan-ji is the bell tower with its paintings of heaven and shocking picture of hell.
    temple-52-taisanji-1.jpg
  • Butsumokuji the The Temple of the Buddha’s Tree is temple No. 42 of the 88 of the Shikoku pilgrimage. The temple appears as a fascinating variety of roofs rising out of the trees. One of these roofs is the unusual thatched roof of the temple bell house covered in moss.  The Hondo or Main Hall is topped with a flaming gold ball representing the teachings of the Buddha, which stands in stark contrast to the dark trees behind it. The grounds of the temple are planted with many beautiful trees including magnolia, maple and camphor. 
    temple-42-butsumokuji-2.jpg
  • Ryukoji is Temple 41 on the Shikoku Pilgrimage and is located on a steep hillside with a fine view down a pastoral valley. Kukai is said to have founded it in 807.  The temple, which is associated both with dragons and rice which are celebrated in Japan’s native religion, also includes an attractive Shinto shrine in its precincts.  Ryuko-ji stands on a hillside up a steep flight of stone steps in a valley. The real interest at Ryuko-ji lies beyond the unremarkable temple buildings further up the hill where the shrines are. At the top of the stairs is a shrine to the Inari or fox deity, whose shrines are typically red. Its official name is Banfudasho Inariyama Gokokuin Ryuko.
    temple-41-ryukoji-2.jpg
  • Ishite-ji - Temple 51 on the Shikoku Pilgrimage is one of the oldest and most beloved of all the 88 temples.  is considered to be one of the most spectacular of all the 88 temples along the trail. The sprawling Ishite-ji temple compound is composed of several halls, a three-storied pagoda and a unique inner temple connected to the main grounds via a cave. The dimly lit cave is remarkable in and of itself though dark and spooky. Ishiteji is known for its Niomon Gate, a designated national treasure.  All of these structures exhibit typical architectural style of the Kamakura Era.
    temple-41-ishiteji-37.jpg
  • Ishite-ji Gate - Ishiteji is Temple 51 on the Shikoku Pilgrimage is one of the oldest and most beloved of all the 88 temples.  is considered to be one of the most spectacular of all the 88 temples along the trail. The sprawling Ishite-ji temple compound is composed of several halls, a three-storied pagoda and a unique inner temple connected to the main grounds via a cave. The dimly lit cave is remarkable in and of itself though dark and spooky. Ishiteji is known for its Niomon Gate, a designated national treasure.  All of these structures exhibit typical architectural style of the Kamakura Era.
    temple-41-ishiteji-33.jpg
  • Ishite-ji Gate - Ishiteji is Temple 51 on the Shikoku Pilgrimage is one of the oldest and most beloved of all the 88 temples.  is considered to be one of the most spectacular of all the 88 temples along the trail. The sprawling Ishite-ji temple compound is composed of several halls, a three-storied pagoda and a unique inner temple connected to the main grounds via a cave. The dimly lit cave is remarkable in and of itself though dark and spooky. Ishiteji is known for its Niomon Gate, a designated national treasure.  All of these structures exhibit typical architectural style of the Kamakura Era.
    temple-41-ishiteji-32.jpg
  • Ishite-ji - Temple 51 on the Shikoku Pilgrimage is one of the oldest and most beloved of all the 88 temples.  is considered to be one of the most spectacular of all the 88 temples along the trail. The sprawling Ishite-ji temple compound is composed of several halls, a three-storied pagoda and a unique inner temple connected to the main grounds via a cave. The dimly lit cave is remarkable in and of itself though dark and spooky. Ishiteji is known for its Niomon Gate, a designated national treasure.  All of these structures exhibit typical architectural style of the Kamakura Era.
    temple-41-ishiteji-6.jpg
  • Ishite-ji - Temple 51 on the Shikoku Pilgrimage is one of the oldest and most beloved of all the 88 temples.  is considered to be one of the most spectacular of all the 88 temples along the trail. The sprawling Ishite-ji temple compound is composed of several halls, a three-storied pagoda and a unique inner temple connected to the main grounds via a cave. The dimly lit cave is remarkable in and of itself though dark and spooky. Ishiteji is known for its Niomon Gate, a designated national treasure.  All of these structures exhibit typical architectural style of the Kamakura Era.
    temple-41-ishiteji-5.jpg
  • Shoruji Temple Gate - temple No. 36 on the Shikoku Pilgrimage, located on a peninsula jutting into the Pacific Ocean. Pilgrims used to have to reach the temple by ferry, but in 1975 a bridge was built. The deity of the temple is is venerated as the guardian of fishermen. Shoryuji is known as the “Green Dragon Temple”. The environment is fantastically beautiful with bamboo forests and stairs dotted with statues and path markers. Shouryuuji is truly a highlight for any pilgrim. This temple houses the fierce “Dragon Fudou”.
    temple-36-shoryuji-9.jpg
  • Pagoda at Shoruji - temple No. 36 on the Shikoku Pilgrimage, located on a peninsula jutting into the Pacific Ocean. Pilgrims used to have to reach the temple by ferry, but in 1975 a bridge was built. The deity of the temple is is venerated as the guardian of fishermen. Shoryuji is known as the “Green Dragon Temple”. The environment is fantastically beautiful with bamboo forests and stairs dotted with statues and path markers. Shouryuuji is truly a highlight for any pilgrim. This temple houses the fierce “Dragon Fudou”.
    temple-36-shoryuji-8.jpg
  • Sekkeiji is Temple 33 on the Shikoku Pilgrimage and can be translated as, “Snowy Cliff Temple”. This temple is one of only three Zen temples on the Shikoku Pilgrimage. Legend has it that this place was home to a long-suffering ghost who woke up the monk, Geppou, saying “Even the water is weary of living.”  Geppou spoke to the apparition who was attempting to recall a poem from which these lines come. Once the poem was completed, the ghost disappeared having now been relieved of trying to recall the missing lines. In the 16th century it changed to a Rinzai Zen temple, now one of only three Zen temples on the pilgrimage.
    temple-33-sekkeiji-1.jpg
  • Tosa Kokubunji Temple Gate - Tosa Kokubunji is Temple 29 on the Shikoku Pilgrimage  - The temple's history goes back more than 1200 years. The temple was constructed under the direction of Gyoki in the year 741 set in lush yet silent woods. The temple was once called Konkomyo Tennou Gokokunotera as it served as a place of worship for peace and tranquility, good harvests and the well being of all. Kokubunji Temple was later revived by Koubo Daishi as a temple of the Shingon Buddhist sect.  In 1922 a historical mound was discovered, which led to the entire temple grounds being designated as a National Cultural Heritage site. Excavation surveys held within the temple grounds in 1977 led to the discovery of the remains of dwellings dating back to the Yayoi period. Various emperors have used the temple as a place of rest.
    temple-29-tosa-kokubunji-12.jpg
  • Tosa Kokubunji - Temple 29 on the Shikoku Pilgrimage  - Tosa Kokubunji temple's history goes back more than 1200 years. The temple was constructed under the direction of Gyoki in the year 741 set in lush yet silent woods. The temple was once called Konkomyo Tennou Gokokunotera as it served as a place of worship for peace and tranquility, good harvests and the well being of all. Kokubunji Temple was later revived by Koubo Daishi as a temple of the Shingon Buddhist sect.  In 1922 a historical mound was discovered, which led to the entire temple grounds being designated as a National Cultural Heritage site. Excavation surveys held within the temple grounds in 1977 led to the discovery of the remains of dwellings dating back to the Yayoi period. Various emperors have used the temple as a place of rest.
    temple-29-tosa-kokubunji-11.jpg
  • Ryukoin is a temple of the Shogin sect of Buddhism.  Its official name is: Rinkaizan Fukujuryuji Temple Ryukoin. The main deity is the eleven-faced Kannon Bodhisattva.  Ryukoin is not among the official 88 Shikoku henro pilgrimage but is rather a bangai fudosho affiliate temple closely associated with Kobo Daishi and the Shikoku Pilgrimage.  Significantly, is the place where Kobo Daishi  applied for the creation of the Shikoku Sacred Sites. The temple Is associated with the Date family the first lord of the Uwajima clan, and later merged with another temple to form Ryukoin. TodayRyukoin is listed as Bangai number  6 on the Shikoku Pilgrimage, thanks to it’s close association to Kobo Daishi.
    ryokoin-uwajima-6.jpg
  • Vertical Garden at Konomineji - Temple 27 Konomineji is situated a long days walk - about 28 kilometers - from the previous temple, Kongochoji.  Konomineji is situated at 424 meters above sea level on the upper slope of Konomine Peak.  A section of the footpath leading to it is very steep, so the temple is called a Nansho Temple, meaning that it is hard to reach. It is one of the most difficult climbs in the entire pilgrimage, the path leading to the temple continues for more than a kilometre at a slope of 45 degrees. It is also classed as a sekisho, a kind of "spiritual checkpoint" where your motives are examined and if found wanting pilgrims would be unable to carry on with the pilgrimage. Konomineji was founded in the early 8th century by Gyoki who is credited with founding quite a few of the temples on the Shikoku Pilgrimage, about a century later Kobo Daishi visited and expanded the temple.  On the temple’s slopes is a beautifully sculpted vertical garden.
    konomineji-27-temple--17.jpg
  • Konomneji Gate - Temple 27 Konomineji is situated a long days walk - about 28 kilometers - from the previous temple, Kongochoji.  Konomineji is situated at 424 meters above sea level on the upper slope of Konomine Peak.  A section of the footpath leading to it is very steep, so the temple is called a Nansho Temple, meaning that it is hard to reach. It is one of the most difficult climbs in the entire pilgrimage, the path leading to the temple continues for more than a kilometre at a slope of 45 degrees. It is also classed as a sekisho, a kind of "spiritual checkpoint" where your motives are examined and if found wanting pilgrims would be unable to carry on with the pilgrimage. Konomineji was founded in the early 8th century by Gyoki who is credited with founding quite a few of the temples on the Shikoku Pilgrimage, about a century later Kobo Daishi visited and expanded the temple.  On the temple’s slopes is a beautifully sculpted vertical garden.
    konomineji-27-temple--9.jpg
  • Vertical Garden at Konomineji - Temple 27 Konomineji is situated a long days walk - about 28 kilometers - from the previous temple, Kongochoji.  Konomineji is situated at 424 meters above sea level on the upper slope of Konomine Peak.  A section of the footpath leading to it is very steep, so the temple is called a Nansho Temple, meaning that it is hard to reach. It is one of the most difficult climbs in the entire pilgrimage, the path leading to the temple continues for more than a kilometre at a slope of 45 degrees. It is also classed as a sekisho, a kind of "spiritual checkpoint" where your motives are examined and if found wanting pilgrims would be unable to carry on with the pilgrimage. Konomineji was founded in the early 8th century by Gyoki who is credited with founding quite a few of the temples on the Shikoku Pilgrimage, about a century later Kobo Daishi visited and expanded the temple.  On the temple’s slopes is a beautifully sculpted vertical garden.
    konomineji-27-temple--2.jpg
  • Lotus Pond at Joruriji - temple No. 46 on the Shikoku Pilgrimage.  It stands among fields on a gentle slope in the south of Matsuyama.  The temple building is largely hidden from view by the tall trees that surround it. These ancient junipers are thought to be about 1,000 years old.  The grounds are composed of a beautiful, well-tended garden. Next to the main hall is a wisteria bower next to lotus ponds. The temple is believed to have a lot of divine favors, so it is also referred to as "Handyman of divine favors"Emon Saburo came from this area, and a stone monument is engraved with a haiku written by Masaoka Shiki.
    temple-46-jororiji-11.jpg
  • Seizan-so is a modern garden with a traditional teahouse Anjo-an. Seizan-so was the hermitage of Tokugawa Mitsukuni, who spent a decade here writing an historical scholarly work on Japanese history, Dai Nippon. Seizan-so is run by the Suifu-Meitokukai Foundation who operate the Tokugawa Museum in Mito City.  Tokugawa’s hermitage is known as Nishiyama Goten which was designated as a historic site in Ibaraki prefecture in 1972.
    seizan-so-2.jpg
  • The Issa Soju Memorial Hall in Nagareyama commemorates Issa Kobayashi, a renowned Japanese haiku poet in the 18th and 19th centuries and Soju Akimoto, a brewer of mirin. Issa Kobayashi visited Nagareyama often to see Sanzaemon Akimoto whose pen name was Soju. The home of Akimoto family showcases the Sojutei outer garden, Issa-an dry garden. Sojutei was originally built as the library and study of the Akimotos in the style of a tea-ceremony house. It has been restored, and consists of Okunoma, Nakanoma and Ochanoma with verandas  facing east, west and south overlooking the dry garden.  Issa-an consists of an eight tatami-mat room and is used for tea ceremonies and gathering of haiku poets.  The Issa-Soju Memorial Hall opened in 1995 to commemorate <br />
the friendship and correspondence between Soju Akimoto and Issa Kobayashi.
    issa-sojo-12.jpg
  • Seizan-so is a modern garden with a traditional teahouse Anjo-an. Seizan-so was the hermitage of Tokugawa Mitsukuni, who spent a decade here writing an historical scholarly work on Japanese history, Dai Nippon. Seizan-so is run by the Suifu-Meitokukai Foundation who operate the Tokugawa Museum in Mito City.  Tokugawa’s hermitage is known as Nishiyama Goten which was designated as a historic site in Ibaraki prefecture in 1972.
    Seizan-so-5.jpg
  • Keiseiruji Temple (original name was Kokadoin or Kofuin) and was a favorite of Tokugawa Mitsukuni who named it Hodenkoen. Adjacent to the temple is a Japanese pond garden called Howa-en or Mito Mitsuke - a relatively hidden and unsung garden in Mito, Ibaraki. It is most famous for its hydrangeas of which there are 10 <br />
different species in bloom during July.  The pond garden has a small pagoda on its own tiny island framed by Japanese pines which is lit up in the evenings. Amebas Pond is the centerpiece of the garden, with a strolling path around its cicircumference, which passes by a small waterfall, plum and sakura cherry trees.
    howa-en-12.jpg
  • Howa-en is also called Mito Mitsuke is relatively hidden and unsung garden in Mito, Ibaraki. It is most famous for its hydrangeas of which there are 10 <br />
different species, in bloom during July. In addition, there are wisteria near the pond growing in their trellises. The pond garden has a small pagoda on its own tiny island framed by Japanese pines which is lit up in the evenings. Amebas Pond is the centerpiece of the garden, with a strolling path around its cicircumference, which passes by a small waterfall, plum and sakura cherry trees. The grounds of Howaen or Howa-en are adjacent to Keiseiruji Temple (original name was Kokadoin or Kofuin) and was a favorite of Tokugawa Mitsukuni who named it Hodenkoen. Locally the temple and garden complex is called
    howa-en-10.jpg
  • Howa-en is also called Mito Mitsuke is relatively hidden and unsung garden in Mito, Ibaraki. It is most famous for its hydrangeas of which there are 10 <br />
different species, in bloom during July. In addition, there are wisteria near the pond growing in their trellises. The pond garden has a small pagoda on its own tiny island framed by Japanese pines which is lit up in the evenings. Amebas Pond is the centerpiece of the garden, with a strolling path around its cicircumference, which passes by a small waterfall, plum and sakura cherry trees. The grounds of Howaen or Howa-en are adjacent to Keiseiruji Temple (original name was Kokadoin or Kofuin) and was a favorite of Tokugawa Mitsukuni who named it Hodenkoen. Locally the temple and garden complex is called
    howa-en-08.jpg
  • Howa-en is also called Mito Mitsuke is relatively hidden and unsung garden in Mito, Ibaraki. It is most famous for its hydrangeas of which there are 10 <br />
different species, in bloom during July. In addition, there are wisteria near the pond growing in their trellises. The pond garden has a small pagoda on its own tiny island framed by Japanese pines which is lit up in the evenings. Amebas Pond is the centerpiece of the garden, with a strolling path around its cicircumference, which passes by a small waterfall, plum and sakura cherry trees. The grounds of Howaen or Howa-en are adjacent to Keiseiruji Temple (original name was Kokadoin or Kofuin) and was a favorite of Tokugawa Mitsukuni who named it Hodenkoen. Locally the temple and garden complex is called
    howa-en-07.jpg
  • Howa-en is also called Mito Mitsuke is relatively hidden and unsung garden in Mito, Ibaraki. It is most famous for its hydrangeas of which there are 10 <br />
different species, in bloom during July. In addition, there are wisteria near the pond growing in their trellises. The pond garden has a small pagoda on its own tiny island framed by Japanese pines which is lit up in the evenings. Amebas Pond is the centerpiece of the garden, with a strolling path around its cicircumference, which passes by a small waterfall, plum and sakura cherry trees. The grounds of Howaen or Howa-en are adjacent to Keiseiruji Temple (original name was Kokadoin or Kofuin) and was a favorite of Tokugawa Mitsukuni who named it Hodenkoen. Locally the temple and garden complex is called
    howa-en-04.jpg
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